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New article: “Co-farming rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata) increased macroalgae protein content and positively affected fish welfare”

December 5, 2025 | Research

Co-cultivating rainbow trout and sea lettuce in the same system has a positive effect on both organisms and also improves water quality. The protein content of sea lettuce increased by 25–30% during four weeks of co-cultivation, and the algae contributed to a higher pH level. The experiments suggest that a larger amount of sea lettuce should be used in relation to the amount of water and fish. Visible welfare indicators improved, including fewer wounds on the noses of the fish in the experiment.

Marica Andersson, Kristoffer Stedt, Sophie Steinhagen, Jonathan A.C. Roques, Niklas Warwas, Darragh Doyle, James Hinchcliffe, Ida Hedén, Henrik Sundh, Henrik Pavia, Kristina Sundell Aquaculture, Volume 607, 2025: Co-farming rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata) increased macroalgae protein content and positively affected fish welfare

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KTH Royal Institute of Technology Chalmers University of Technology University of Gothenburg SLU Uppsala University IVL, Swedish Environmental Institute RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Innovatum Science Park Axfoundation Matfiskodlarna Sverige AB Orkla Foods Sverige

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Formas Region Västra Götaland

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